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  • A General Materials and Mathematics
    • A1 Basic Materials and Measurement
    • A2 Mathematics
  • B Statics
    • B1 Center of Mass Statics
    • B2 Equilibrium of Forces and Torques
    • B3 Simple Machines
    • B4 Elasticity
  • C Kinematics and Dynamics
    • C1 Center of Mass Motion
    • C2 Kinematics in One and Two Dimensions
    • C3 First Law of Motion
    • C4 Second Law of Motion
    • C5 Third Law of Motion
    • C6 Friction
    • C7 Collisions
    • C8 Mechanical Energy and Power
  • D Rotational Mechanics
    • D1 Rotational Kinematics and Dynamics
    • D2 Moment of Inertia
    • D3 Angular Momentum
    • D4 Gyroscopes
    • D5 Rotational Esoterica
  • E Gravitation and Astronomy
    • E1 Gravitation and Orbits
    • E2 Astronomy
  • F Fluid Mechanics
    • F1 Pressure in Static Fluids
    • F2 Buoyancy
    • F3 Surface Tension
    • F4 Fluid in Motion
    • F5 Forces in Moving Fluids
  • G Vibrations and Mechanical Waves
    • G1 Simple Harmonic Motion
    • G2 Resonance and Coupled Oscillations
    • G3 Mechanical Waves - One Dimensional
    • G4 Mechanical Waves - Two Dimensional
  • H Sound
    • H1 Nature of Sound
    • H2 Wave Properties of Sound
    • H3 Standing Sound Waves
    • H4 Music
    • H5 The Ear
    • H6 The Voice
  • I Thermodynamics
    • I1 Thermal Properties of Matter
    • I2 Transfer of Heat
    • I3 Gases
    • I4 Changes of State
    • I5 Laws of Thermodynamics
    • I6 Kinetic Theory and Statistical Mechanics
    • I7 Solid State and Low Temperature Physics
  • J Electostatics and Magnetostatics
    • J1 Electrostatic Charge and Force
    • J2 Electrostatic Devices and Applications
    • J3 Electric FIelds and Potential
    • J4 Capacitance and Polarization
    • J5 Magnetostatics
    • J6 Electromagnets
    • J7 Magnetic Materials
  • K Electromagnetic Principles
    • K1 Forces on Moving Charges
    • K2 Electromagnetic Induction
    • K3 Transformers
    • K4 Motors and Generators
    • K5 Electrical Properties of Matter
    • K6 Electric Circuits and Instruments
    • K7 RLC Circuits
    • K8 Electromagnetic Waves and Sources
  • L Geometrical Optics
    • L1 Light Sources and Light Rays
    • L2 Plane Mirrors
    • L3 Curved Mirrors
    • L4 Refraction
    • L5 Total Internal Reflection
    • L6 Lenses
    • L7 Optical Instruments
  • M Wave Optics
    • M1 Interference and Diffraction - Slits and Gratings
    • M2 Diffraction - Circular
    • M3 Interferometers
    • M4 Thin Film Interference
    • M5 Interference and Diffraction Esoterica
    • M6 Holograms
    • M7 Linear Polarization and Scattering
    • M8 Optical Activity and Birefringence
    • M9 Circular Polarization
  • N Spectra and Color
    • N1 Continuous Spectra
    • N2 Line Spectra
    • N3 Color
  • O Vision
    • O1 Image Production
    • O2 Visual Latency
    • O3 Color Vision
    • O4 Optical Illusions
  • P Modern Physics
    • P1 Relativity
    • P2 Quantum Mechanics
    • P3 Atoms and Molecules
    • P4 Nuclei and Particles
  • Q Biophysics
    • Q1 Musculoskeletal Systems
    • Q2 Organs
    • Q3 Genetics and Molecular Biology

C4 Second Law of Motion

F=ma, and all that follows. Here are demonstrations of the nature of acceleration and examples of forces acting on bodies in motion. This includes demonstrations of terminal velocity.

Articles
Image Title
C4-01: AIR TRACK - NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
Demonstrate F = ma.
C4-02 AIR TRACK - A eq F/M
Illustrate the experimental basis for Newton's second law of motion
C4-03: ACCELERATION BY ITERATED BLOWS
Illustrate the numerical technique by which a computer carries out integration of the equation a = F/m.
C4-11: ACCELEROMETER - BALL IN WATER
Demonstrate the direction of acceleration for both linear and circular cases.
C4-12: ACCELEROMETER ON INCLINED PLANE
Illustrate the behavior of a liquid accelerometer accelerating down an inclined plane.
C4-13: ACCELEROMETER ON ROTATOR
Show that the surface of a rotating liquid assumes a parabolic shape.
C4-14: AIR TRACK - ACCELEROMETER
Demonstrate the behavior of a liquid accelerometer.
C4-15: HELIUM BALLOON IN ACCELERATED BOX
Illustrate the affect of density on acceleration in a counterintuitive way.
C4-21 ATWOOD MACHINE
Illustrate the second law of motion. Experimentally determine the acceleration due to gravity.
C4-22: HORIZONTAL ATWOOD MACHINE
Demonstrate the Horizontal Atwood Machine quantitatively.
C4-23: ATWOOD MACHINE WITH HEAVY PULLEY
Illustrate the affect of a heavy pulley on the Atwood Machine.
C4-31: AIR TRACK - THE ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY
Experimentally determine the acceleration of gravity.
C4-32: FREE FALL IN VACUUM - DISK AND FEATHER
Demonstrate that bodies of extremely different densities fall with equal acceleration in the absence of air friction.
C4-34: GALILEO'S EXPERIMENT - MASSES IN FREE FALL
Show that the acceleration of bodies in free fall is independent of mass
C4-41: TERMINAL VELOCITY - BOTTLE IN TUBE
An easily observable terminal velocity experiment.
C4-42: TERMINAL VELOCITY - FEATHER
Illustrate terminal velocity.
C4-43: TERMINAL VELOCITY - STACKED COFFEE FILTERS
Illustrate terminal velocity quantitatively.
C4-51: WEIGHTLESSNESS IN FREE FALL - MASS IN BEAKER
Demonstrate weightlessness in free fall.
C4-52 WEIGHTLESSNESS IN FREE FALL - MASS IN CUP ON POLE
Illustrate apparent weightlessness in free fall
C4-53 WEIGHTLESSNESS IN FREE FALL - MASS ON SPRING
Illustrate apparent weightlessness in free fall
C4-54: WEIGHTLESSNESS IN FREE FALL - MAGNET AND KEEPER
Illustrate weightlessness in free fall.
C4-61: ACCELERATION ON A SCALE
Illustrate forces in an accelerating system.
C4-62 DROPPED SLINKY
Illustrate apparent weightlessness in free fall

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