Follow

Second and Third Law of Thermo

  • C5-16: HERO'S ENGINE

    C5-16
    Demonstrate action and reaction in a rotational system.

    The boiler is partially filled with water and heated until steam is produced. The steam emerges from right-angle arms on the side of the boiler, causing the boiler to rotate in the direction opposite to that of the emerging steam.

    Danger:Do not tilt burner until it is warm.
    C5, I0

  • I1-40: REVERSIBLE THERMOELECTRIC DEMONSTRATOR

    I1-40
    Demonstrate thermoelectric power generation or how thermoelectric devices can create hot and cold regions.
    Immerse the two aluminum legs in baths of different temperatures, and produce electrical energy that turns on the turbine. Unplug the banana jacks and measure the voltage output with a multimeter. This device is reversible. Connect a battery or DC power source to the two jacks. One leg will heat up while the other cools down. Measure the efficiency of this device and compare it to the Carnot efficiency.

  • I5-01 MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT - SHOT BAG

    I5-01
    Demonstrates that heat can be produced from mechanical work
    The temperature of lead shot in a shot bag is measured with the digital thermometer. The shot bag is then beat on the floor about ten times, and the temperature measured once again. The work done in beating the shot bag on the floor has been converted to heat. Not very much heat though: use the tenth degree scale for quicker results!
    I5, I0, tools

  • I5-02: TRANSFORMATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO HEAT

    I5-02
    Demonstrate transformation of mechanical energy into heat.
    Use an electric drill to spin a wooden dowel rod in a hole on a large wooden beam. Shortly the contact point begins to smoke, indicating generation of heat due to friction.
    I3,I5

    i5-02a

  • I5-31 STEAM ENGINE - STATIONARY

    I5-31
    Working model of a steam engine
    The engine can be attached to a weight hanging by a string over an axle which is connected to the engine through a series of gears.
    I5

  • I5-32: STIRLING ENGINE

    I5-32
    Demonstrates a Stirling engine
    The Stirling engine is a closed-cycle regenerating heat engine using an external heat source. Air expands when heated, driving the piston, which drives the flywheel and forces cool air into the chamber for reheating. Heating the heat sink on the engine starts the flywheel rotating.

    Safety note: Please make very certain that fuel tank is fully closed when finished.
    I5

  • I5-33 STEAM ROLLER

    I5-33
    Toy steam roller with real steam engine
    Fire up the engine, put it into gear, and let it roll. Try the whistle.
    I5

  • I5-41: ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - ENTROPY

    I5-41
    Aid a discussion of entropy.
    31.5 grams of barium hydroxide and 15.2 grams of ammonium thiocyanate, both solid powders initially at room temperature, are mixed. As they are stirred using the digital thermometer probe a chemical reaction occurs, producing water with barium cyanate and ammonium, both of which are soluble in the water. The solution becomes very cold, and can freeze a wettened wooden block to the bottom of the beaker.

    This experiment can be described in terms of entropy using two approaches: (1) As the mixture cools, it must become a liquid, increasing its disorder so that entropy will increase, or (2) The tendency toward disorder drives the reaction, creating the liquid reaction product.

    Note: PLEASE CALL THE LECTURE DEMONSTRATION GROUP AT 405-5995 NOT LATER THAN THE MORNING BEFORE YOUR REQUEST SO THAT WE HAVE THE TIME TO PREPARE THE NEEDED CHEMICALS.

  • I5-52: ELECTRIC CALORIMETER

    I5-52
    Determine the equivalence between electrical energy and heat energy (the electrical equivalent of heat).
    An immersion heater is placed in a water bath and operated for a measured amount of time. Its voltage and current are measured and displayed by meters on the overhead projector. From this the electrical energy input into the calorimeter can be determined. The temperature of the water bath and calorimeter can be measured before and after the heat is added, and the heat energy increase in the calorimeter determined. The two results can be compared to determine the electrical equivalent of heat.

  • I6-51 ENTROPY - SORTING MARBLES

    I6-51
    Demonstrates that increasing entropy requires less energy than decreasing entropy
    Shaking the system with the larger holes on the top causes the marbles to separate by size (yellow, green, pink, and blue). Simply inverting allows them to fall under the influence of gravity to their lowest level and mix. It apparently takes more energy to unmix the marbles than to mix them.
    I6

  • I6-52: ENTROPY - FOUR BALLS IN GAS DIFFUSION MODEL

    I6-52
    Demonstrate that an ordered state is statistically possible.

    Place two balls of each of two different colors in the diffusion apparatus. To start, either place all four one the same side of the apparatus; or place two of one color on one side of the apparatus, and two balls of another color on the other side. Start the machine going with the hole between sides open.
    Engagement Suggestions
    • Encourage students to notice that although statistically it is less probable, the arrangement of both orange balls on one side and both green balls on the other side will happen occasionally.
    • Ask: Is this as likely to happen using three balls of each color? With four?
    Background
    This is essentially showing the exception to the general principle of demonstration I6-21. With a small enough number of balls in the model, it is statistically possible to “reverse entropy” to a limited extent – that is, occasionally, the balls will randomly organize themselves so that they are once again sorted by color.
    FS1